Facebook

Showing posts with label OID. Show all posts
Showing posts with label OID. Show all posts

Monday, February 1, 2016

Security in the modern day Digital eXperience

What is Digital Experience (DX) ?
Digital experiences have become the cornerstone of just about every customer experience, driven in part by the rapid spread of customer activity among web, mobile, and social channels.The typical user experience has moved beyond desktop and laptop screens to an astonishing and growing array of mobile devices.
In the Oracle World, DX combines WebCenter, ADF including WC Sites, WC Content, WC Sites etc. DX Security should be a no-brainer at the end of this article.

Why do we need DX Security/Use Cases ?
  • No defined network perimeter : Network Security spend more than 67% on network security. With digital economy demanding more collaboration and seamless user experience, new points of control need to be introduced : User identities, permissions/ access to IS etc. Cloud Computing and Mobile has further blurred network security.Sensitive data that was secured behind a robust enterprise firewall is now accessible via low-cost smart phones. 

  • Transformation of the perimeter : “Businesses now invest in security rather than spend on it. Security architects need to design security systems that complement business policies and processes.” - Chris Gavin, vice president, Information Security, Oracle. 
  • A “trust but verify” approach to both enable productivity and address security governance requirements. The objective is to establish one consistent security framework underlying all information systems. Because users and sensitive data are part of every transaction, identity management and database security are the common denominators of addressing most security requirements. 

  • Re-architecture of IT within organizations : Most services are being performed via software solutions that are architected in the cloud rather than on-premises requiring real-time exchange of accurate information. Organizations rely on identity management technology to facilitate dynamic trust relationships and support regulatory compliance requirements. 
  • Risk-Aware Architectures : Security architects are tasked with developing “risk-aware” architectures that factor in legal liabilities, the privacy of partner and customer data, and regulatory requirements. These security policies ensure that the organization is ready for internal and external audits.
  •         Mobile Security :
    o   By 2020, 80 percent of access to the enterprise will be via mobile devices and other non-PC devices, up from 5 percent today.
    o   External providers will authenticate 60 percent of all users connecting with enterprises.
    o   By 2020 there will be more than 50 billion IP-enabled devices in use around the world.



  • Internet of things (IoT):According to Vadim Lander, chief identity architect at Oracle, there are three types of security concerns associated with the Internet of Things:
    o   Device Identity
    o   Application Identity
    o   User Identity
  • Cloud Security : Customers that contract with cloud vendors need to be able to control the identity management process for external applications and on-premises apps via single-sign-on procedures. These solutions should also make it easy to provision and de-provision users and to extend entitlement credentials from on-premises applications to cloud applications. Such controls are even more important when securing databases. According to IDC, 66 percent of today’s most sensitive data resides in relational databases.
  • Oracle Security Taxonomy as a measure of good security Design :Latency and consistency are two variables used to measure good security design. The objective is to reduce the latency of change and increase consistency across systems and applications. Oracle engineers hardware and software to work together. This cohesive approach reduces the latency of change and increases consistency. By embedding security technology into every layer of the technology stack and securing the integration between layers, Oracle not only delivers better performance with a smaller footprint, it also provides better security at a lower cost.
An IDM DX Use Case : Oracle DX with API Gateway : WCC and Anti-Virus support for Check-in of Files using OAG as first line of defense.

References : I wished to summarize and set context using the following articles as source :
Security Architecture in the new Digital Experience Whitepaper (Oracle)
Enabling Secure Consumer Mobility (Kanishk Mahajan, Oracle Product Mgmt)

Thursday, July 9, 2015

OIM / OID : Referential Integrity for referenced group memberships on change username

Use Case 
Change Username (typically via OIM APIs) doesn't update group memberships. When we change username, the cn of the user changes. Since the dn comprises of cn and the dc, the referenced group memberships are orphaned.
This is because, by default, "Referential Integrity" is turned OFF in OID and OIM. 


"Because the CN changed, Oracle Identity Manager attempts a modify operation (modrdn) in the directory resulting in DN change. Because of this unintended DN change, the group membership DN becomes stale resulting in the user loosing membership in that group. This subsequently results in authorization failure. This happens when referential integrity is turned off in the LDAP server, and therefore, the referenced groups are not updated when the RDN of the user changes. Therefore, referential integrity must be turned on in the target LDAP server. Otherwise, the group memberships become stale. The referential integrity issue is also applicable to roles. Groups are also members of other groups and any RDN changes must be reflected as well."

Please see table in link for scenarios when this property is not consistent in OIM and OID.
  • Turn on Referential Integrity Check in OID : 
Change orclRIEnabled to 2 within cn=dsaconfig,cn=configsets,cn=oracle internet directory [Default value is 0]
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E15586_01/oid.1111/e10029/ref_integ.htm
  • In OIM, modify System property : XL.IsReferentialIntegrityEnabled to TRUE
The above will make sure change username is seamless and doesn't cause any data corruption issues. Obviously, we need to have LDAP Sync turned on between OIM and OID to make sure that this works as expected.

Wednesday, July 8, 2015

OID : Deleting OID/OPMN instances

One can face weird issues due to OID Instances not being deleted the right way. Simply deleting them from the file system or from OID might not be enough as there are entries that stay on the ODS Schema of the Database.
This can cause unforseen issues like delay in OID restarts (ldapbind fails for few mins even though instance shows up as ALIVE) or weird issues like referential integrity working intermittenly in OID/OIM.

It is highly recommended to remove an Oracle Internet Directory component by using opmnctl deletecomponent. This also unregisters the component with the WebLogic server.

Syntax :
$ORACLE_INSTANCE/bin/opmnctl deletecomponent
  -adminHost webLogicHostName
  -adminPort webLogicPort
  -adminUsername weblogicAdminUsername
  -adminPasswordFile text_file_containing_admin_password
  -componentType OID
  -componentName componentName

Sample for removing an instance named oid4
export ORACLE_INSTANCE=/u01/app/oracle/admin/config/oid_inst_3/
$ORACLE_INSTANCE/bin/opmnctl deletecomponent \
  -adminHost <wl_server_Name> \
  -adminPort 7001 \
  -adminUsername weblogic \
  -adminPasswordFile adminpass.txt \
  -componentType OID \
  -componentName oid4

Reference - https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E16764_01/oid.1111/e10029/oid_server_instances.htm#BABDJABF

Wednesday, February 18, 2015

Automated Security deployment : Oracle IAM Deployment Wizard

With the release of Identity & Access Management suite 11g R2 PS2 (11.1.2.2.0), Oracle has released a new deployment tool to automate the installation and configuration of products related to the IAM suite.
This tool is named Oracle Identity and Access Management Deployment Wizard.
Key insights –
  1. Installs & Configures - OIM , OAM , OUD , OHS , Webgates etc.Also creates basic Users & groups in OUD , configures OUD as Identity store for OAM.
  2. You will need to download a completely separate set of software for this. The normal Identity & Access Management suite download packages won’t work.If you go to Oracle Download page for 11.1.2.2.0, here, you will see at the bottom a section for the Deployment Repository
  3. This 12GB package contains everything you will need: The IAM Suite, RCU, WebLogic, JDK, WebTier, WebGate (11g), SOA, OUD, and of course, the Deployment Wizard.
  4.  If everything goes well, it will take approximately 6 hours to do everything. If this seems long, keep in mind that it’s installing OAM,OIM,OUD , configuring them, integrating OIM and OAM, setting up LDAPSync, SSL enabling some components, configuring OHS with Webgate, configures WebLogic Authentication Providers, performs some light performance tuning, does OUD reconciliation
  5.  Supports both Single Node & HA configurations.
Checkout this blog for more details, limitations etc. !

Tuesday, February 17, 2015

How to create new Admin users in Oracle Internet Directory (OID)

A lot of us end up using the superuser 'cn=orcladmin'  to connect to OID for all use-cases.
Certainly this is not the best practice as the superuser 'cn=orcladmin' is a privileged user having more privileges than are needed certain admin functions having access to multiple realms on OID. 

While there is no documented way to create a second superuser for OID, like cn=orcladmin. But, a user with the same privileges as the realm Admin (cn=orcladmin,dc=<companyName,dc=com) can be created and used for the following use cases : 
  • Use in OAM Console for Identity Store credentials
  • Providing ODSM login capability to admin users to view/modify the LDAP Tree for their realm
  • Any kind of CRUD based LDAP APIs used in Java Code
  • Separate password policies can be created for these users which are different from the cn=orcladmin superuser etc.

This user can be created as follows : 
  1. Create an LDIF file with the following content
    dn: cn=myadmin,cn=Users,dc=oracle,dc=com
    givenname: myadmin
    sn: myadmin
    cn: myadmin
    uid: myadmin
    mail: myadmin@oracle.com
    objectclass: top
    objectclass: person
    objectclass: inetOrgPerson
    objectclass: orclUser
    objectclass: orclUserV2
    objectclass: organizationalPerson


  2. Run ldapadd
    ldapadd -h <OID_host> -p <OID_port> -D "cn=orcladmin" -w <password> -f <LDIF_filename>
        Alternatively, we can use the 'Import' function available in Data Browser tab in ODSM .

3.  Confirm that you are able to bind successfully as the newly created user
  ldapbind -h <OID_host> -p <OID_port> -D      "cn=myadmin,cn=users,dc=oracle,dc=com" -w <password>

4. Get the existing group memberships for the orcladmin user
  ldapsearch -h <OID_host> -p <OID_port> -D "cn=orcladmin" -w    <password> "<DN_of_orcladmin>" "dn"

Alternatively use 'Import' feature in Data Browser tab of ODSM to import the SuperUser.ldif file attached (essentially contains the 
all groups to be added for a Realm Admin in LDIF format)

Reference Doc ID 454796.1

Good reads 

Creating Read-Only Users in Oracle Internet Directory (OID)

A lot of us end up using the superuser 'cn=orcladmin'  to connect to OID for all use-cases.
Certainly this is not the best practice as the superuser 'cn=orcladmin' is a privileged user having way more privileges than are needed for non-admin functions. We should create read-only LDAP users for the following use cases :
  • LDAP Monitoring at the F5/Load Balancer level (LDAP health check using ldapbind) 
  • Use for username/password for Authenticators in Weblogic Console (which are for only authentication purposes)
  • Providing ODSM login capability to non-admin users to view the LDAP Tree (based on allowed ACLs)
  • Any kind of query only LDAP APIs used in Java Code
  • Separate password policies can be created for read-only users which are different from superusers/realm-admins
Only three tabs are visible in ODSM for read-only users : Home, Data Browser, Schema.
Security and Advanced tabs are not visible.


One of the ways in which the read-only users can be created is : 

  1. Create a text file (e.g., readonly.ldif) with the following:
    dn: cn=readonly, cn=Users,< subscriber domain >
    userpassword: < password >
    objectclass: top
    objectclass: person
    objectclass: organizationalPerson
    objectclass: inetorgperson
    objectclass: orcluser
    objectclass: orcluserV2
    mail: readonly
    givenname: readonly
    uid: readonly
    description: account to have readonly access
    sn: readonly
    cn: readonly

 2. Load the above file with ldapadd command :
ldapadd -h <OID_host> -p <OID_port> -D cn=orcladmin -w <password> -v -f readonly.ldif

Alternatively, we can use the 'Import' function available in Data Browser tab in ODSM .
The key is to make sure the user is not a member of any groups.

3. Check Group Memberships:

To verify the user is NOT a member of any group, issue the following search:

ldapsearch -h <OID_host> -p <OID_port> -D "cn=orcladmin" -w <pwd> -s sub -b "" "(uniquemember=<full_user_DN>)" "dn"

4.Confirm that you are able to bind successfully as the newly created user
ldapbind -h <OID_host> -p <OID_port> -D "cn=myadmin,cn=users,dc=oracle,dc=com" -w <password>



Reference : Doc ID 746612.1


Monday, September 22, 2014

Oracle Security : Getting Started

Oracle Identity Management(IDM) is a vast collection of products with confusing terminology and it can be difficult to understand where to start. Hope the below links help.

Concepts
Oracle IDM Basics - (Keep clicking to navigate through entire topics)
A few simple Tutorials from Oracle to get started
Oracle IDM Home Page (Source to Datasheets, Whitepapers, Customer Use Cases and various Data)

Installs

Issues/Continuous learning of tricky use cases & finer concepts
Oracle IDM A-Team Blogs (Learn tricks of the trade)

Mapping of use cases with products

Collated IDM 11gR2 Blog Dashboard

Monday, September 1, 2014

UCM / Webcenter Content : Configuring an Admin User for UCM which resides in OID

UseCase :
  • The default install of Webcenter Content/UCM results in weblogic as the Default Content Admin which resides in the embedded LDAP.
  • In our Webcenter implementations we end up using a variety of LDAP's.
  • This post details how to change the Admin user for UCM to a user residing in OID which is easier to manage and the recommended approach instead of using weblogic.


Advantages : 
  • This can also be extended to use any LDAP like AD, OUD, ODSEE etc.
  • Another reason why this needs to be configured is so that the UCM Console can be logged in using a OHS URL or Virtual IP which has a LDAP configured as its IdentityStore instead of having to log in via the managed server port.

Configuration Steps :

1.Create a new user called ucmadmin in OID with object classes simialr to those present for orcladmin.

2.Create a new group called ucmadmingroup in OID with object classes top and groupOfUniqueNames.

3.Assign ucmadmin as a member of the ucmadmingroup.

4.Make sure the users and groups mentioned here reside in the DN hierarchy defined in the OID Authenticator(e.g. cn=Users,dc=oracle,dc=com)

5.You also need to create the Credential Maps to grant ucmadmingroup as the administrator in UCM. Then, in UCM, we mapp the OID group ucmadmin to UCM internal roles and all accounts priveliges. All the users who belong to the ucmadmin group will be automatically granted the UCM admin roles.
- Login to Content Server as weblogic and configure credential map (http://<host>:16200/cs)
  Administration -> Credential Maps, create a new map (e.g.: called "MyOIDMap")
- Add the following mapping
ucmadmingroup ,                  admin
ucmadmingroup ,                  guest
ucmadmingroup ,                  sysmanager
ucmadmingroup ,                  refineryadmin
ucmadmingroup ,                  rmaadmin
ucmadmingroup ,                  pcmadmin
ucmadmingroup ,                  ermadmin
ucmadmingroup ,                  @#all

6.Edit the provider.hda  and add the credit map "MyOIDMap" which would be at the location -
 <UCM-Domain>/ucm/cs/data/providers/jpsuserprovider/provider.hda
  Here is an example:
<feff><?hda version="11gR1-11.1.1.6.0-idcprod1-111219T111403" jcharset="UTF8" encoding="utf-8"?>
Properties LocalData
DefaultNetworkAccounts=#none
DefaultNetworkRoles=guest
PasswordScope=jpsuserprovider
ProviderClass=idc.provider.jps.JpsUserProvider
ProviderDescription=csJpsUserProviderDescription
ProviderName=JpsUserProvider
ProviderType=jpsuser
SourcePath=jpsuser
ProviderCredentialsMap=MyOIDMap
blDateFormat=M/d{/yy}{ h:mm[:ss]{ a}}!mAM,PM!tAmerica/Los_Angeles
pDescription=csJpsUserProviderDescription
end

7.Restart the UCM Managed Server.
 

8. Repeat the steps for the other machine if its a clustered environment.

9.After that , if you login to Content Server as ucmadmin, in the ucadmin profile, you should see something similar as the following:
 
 In the ucmadminprofile, you should see the "#all" in the Accounts fields. Otherwise, when users accessing documents in Spaces, it will fail the following error:
  User 'ucmadmin' does not have sufficient privileges to access the content account.

Monday, August 25, 2014

OID 11.1.1.7 - Unlocking superuser orcladmin account

We weren't able to login to WebCenter Portal which uses OID as the Authentication store today.
On investigation we found out that the superuser orcladmin account was itself locked.

Note -
1.There are 2 orcladmin accounts: the superuser account, cn=orcladmin, and the REALM administrator cn=orcladmin, for example: cn=orcladmin,cn=users,dc=oracle,dc-com.

2. The superuser account is hard coded and is not seen in the Oracle Directory Manager (ODM), nor the Oracle Directory Services Manager (ODSM) in 11g.


Following commands* executed from a command line tool helped to fix this issue -


export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/middleware/Oracle_IDM1/
export ORACLE_INSTANCE=/u01/app/oracle/admin/OID_Domain/oid_inst_2/
cd /u01/app/oracle/middleware/Oracle_IDM1/ldap/bin
>./oidpasswd connect=OIDDB unlock_su_acct=true      #find connect string from #/u01/app/oracle/admin/OID_Domain/oid_inst1/config/tnsnames.ora
OID DB user password:<ODS Schema pwd>

*This is just a representation of what i had to do in my environment to fix this.

Post this, you would need to login to ODSM, go to Data Browser tab and change the password for cn=orcladmin,cn=Users,dc=<companyName>,dc=com and change the password which in all probability might have expired as well.



Atul Kumar's post here also helps with similar issues.

To change password policies have a look at this Oracle Doc

Saturday, August 23, 2014

Oracle IDM 11gR2 : Integrating with MS Active Directory 2003

The latest versions of OIM and OAM 11gR2(11.1.2.x) donot support LDAP Sync or OIM-OAM Integration using Active Directory(AD) 2003 as per the 11gr2 certification matrix
We had a use case to support federation using OAM 11gR2 somehow with AD 2003 as the Identity Store. 

Option 1 : Using OVD
We noticed that the latest version of OVD was 11.1.1.7 which happens to support AD 2003 as per the 11gR1 FMW certification matrix .So potentially we could hook OAM with OVD as the Identity Store and still connect to Active Directory 2003, which is not directly supported!
Extending this theory we could provision to OVD from OIM which finally would create relevant user accounts in Active Directory 2003!!
Oracle confirmed this in SR # 3-9503114871(you may not be able to view it directly but can refer to this in another SR if need be).

Option 2 : Using OID and DIP
Standup OID(11.1.1.7 is the latest as of today) and sync existing users from AD 2003 using a DIP process.

Option 3 : Use IDM 11gR1
Least preferred since it's never a good idea to go back to a older release when the newer release has so much to offer and IDM 12c is in the pipeline.If none of the above can be made to work for whatever reasons, AD 2003 is definitely supported both with OIM and OAM 11gR1(11.1.1.x).

Tuesday, July 8, 2014

Oracle Access Manager(OAM) & Oracle Internet Directory(OID)'s restricted use license with WebCenter Portal

A restricted use of Oracle Access Manager(OAM) & Oracle Internet Directory(OID) is allowed with WebCenter Suite Plus licensing which is one of the most common licenses available to Customers implementing a WebCenter Portal.
Thus OAM & OID can be used to provide Single Sign On (SSO) between WebCenter , UCM/Content & IPM without the client having to buy any additional licenses albeit with a few technical limitations.
In addition out of the box features like Impersonation can be leveraged easily.
On a whole this should help customers easily leverage Single-Sign-On using OAM & use Oracle's LDAP - OID when implementing a WebCenter Portal.

Source :
"Oracle Access Manager(OAM) for enabling Single-Sign On (SSO) between WebCenter Portal components. Use of Oracle Access Manager to a) enable SSO for any custom services or functions or third party applications;
b) Direct Oracle Access Manager SDK calls; or c) Third party directory integration, is not allowed.
Oracle Internet Directory(OID) - The use of OID is restricted to storing credentials and policies specific to WebCenter Portal and its delivered components."

Limitations :
1) OAM & OID alongwith the WebTier would need to be installed in the same VMs as Webcenter Portal when leveraged as a part of this licensing.
This makes it slightly different from Oracle's recommended deployment Architecture for OAM.

Tuesday, July 1, 2014

Database Security - Enterprise User Security (EUS)

About Enterprise User Security (EUS)
  • Enterprise User Security (EUS) is a way of integrating Oracle Database with LDAP compliant directory server like Oracle Internet Directory (OID) or Microsoft AD
    so that database Users , Passwords & Roles can be centrally managed in a LDAP Directory Server.
  • Belongs to Database Security category of the IdM stack.
Advantages 
  • Offers low costs & centralized authentication.
  • Increases security & compliance.
  • No data migration needed , clients continue to use existing directories.
Architecture
  • Oracle Virtual Directory (OVD) has a EUS Adapter and EUS Plugins OOTB.
  • The LDAP Directory (OID or AD or Novell or Sun eDirectory) needs to be setup for EUS.
  • The Oracle Database/s need to be EUS enabled using NETCA & DBCA utility.
  • The Database/s can be logged into using a centralized EUS User/s later.
  • Kerberos authentication can be enabled to do native authentication for SQL clients like sql plus & SQL Developer.
Useful Resources 
  1. EUS DataSheet with Architecture
  2. Enterprise User Security Guide
  3. Integrating Enterprise Security with AD
  4. Oracle Whitepaper
  5. Atul Kumar’s Blog
  6. How To Configure EUS with OVD 11.1.1.6 and Active Directory - AD (Doc ID 1449132.1)
  7. Expected Issues - How To Avoid Extending The Active Directory Schema With extendAD For OVD-OID-AD-EUS 11g Integration? (Doc ID 1159337.1)